Top 10 ASP.NET MVC Interview Questions
- What is ASP.NET MVC?
**ASP.NET MVC **is a web development framework from Microsoft that is based on MVC (Model-View-Controller) architectural design pattern. Microsoft has streamlined the development of MVC based applications using ASP.NET MVC framework.
- Explain MVC (Model-View-Controller) in general?
MVC (Model-View-Controller) is an architectural software pattern that basically decouples various components of a web application. By using MVC pattern, we can develop applications that are more flexible to changes without affecting the other components of our application.
"Model" is basically domain data.
"View" is user interface to render domain data.
"Controller" translates user actions into appropriate operations performed on model.
- Difference between ASP.NET MVC and ASP.NET WebForms?
ASP.NET Web Forms uses Page controller pattern approach for rendering layout, whereas ASP.NET MVC uses Front controller approach. In case of Page controller approach, every page has its own controller, i.e., code-behind file that processes the request. On the other hand, in ASP.NET MVC, a common controller for all pages processes the requests.
- What are the Core features of ASP.NET MVC?
Core features of ASP.NET MVC framework are:
Clear separation of application concerns (Presentation and Business Logic). It reduces complexity that makes it ideal for large scale applications where multiple teams are working.
It’s an extensible as well as pluggable framework. We can plug components and further customize them easily.
It provides extensive support for URL Routing that helps to make friendly URLs (means friendly for human as well as Search Engines).
It supports for Test Driven Development (TDD) approach. In ASP.NET WebForms, testing support is dependent on Web Server but ASP.NET MVC makes it independent of Web Server, database or any other classes.
Support for existing ASP.NET features like membership and roles, authentication and authorization, provider model and caching etc.
- Can you please explain the request flow in ASP.NET MVC framework?
Request flow for ASP.NET MVC framework is as follows:
Request hits the controller coming from client. Controller plays its role and decides which model to use in order to serve the request further passing that model to view which then transforms the model and generates an appropriate response that is rendered to the client.
- What is the difference between ViewData, ViewBag and TempData?
In order to pass data from controller to view and in next subsequent request, ASP.NET MVC framework provides different options i.e., ViewData, ViewBag and TempData.
Both ViewBag and ViewData are used to communicate between controller and corresponding view. But this communication is only for server call, it becomes null if redirect occurs. So, in short, it's a mechanism to maintain state between controller and corresponding view.
ViewData is a dictionary object while ViewBag is a dynamic property (a new C# 4.0 feature). ViewData being a dictionary object is accessible using strings as keys and also requires typecasting for complex types. On the other hand, ViewBag doesn't have typecasting and null checks.
TempData is also a dictionary object that stays for the time of an HTTP Request. So, Tempdata can be used to maintain data between redirects, i.e., from one controller to the other controller.
- Explain the role of Model in ASP.NET MVC?
One of the core features of ASP.NET MVC is that it separates the input and UI logic from business logic. Role of Model in ASP.NET MVC is to contain all application logic including validation, business and data access logic except view, i.e., input and controller, i.e., UI logic.
Model is normally responsible for accessing data from some persistent medium like database and manipulate it, so you can expect that interviewer can ask questions on database access topics here along with ASP.NET MVC Interview Questions.
- Explain what is the difference between View and Partial View?
View
It contains the layout page.
Before any view is rendered, viewstart page is rendered.
A view might have markup tags like body, HTML, head, title, meta etc.
The view is not lightweight as compare to Partial View.
Partial View
It does not contain the layout page.
Partial view does not verify for a viewstart.cshtml.We cannot put common code for a partial view within the viewStart.cshtml.page.
Partial view is designed specially to render within the view and just because of that it does not consist any mark up.
We can pass a regular view to the RenderPartial method.
- What is Razor in MVC?
ASP.NET MVC has always supported the concept of "view engines" - which are the pluggable modules that implement different template syntax options. The "default" view engine for ASP.NET MVC uses the same .aspx/.ascx/. master file templates as ASP.NET Web Forms. Other popular ASP.NET MVC view engines are Spart&Nhaml.
MVC 3 has introduced a new view engine called Razor.
10.Why is Razor?
Compact & Expressive.
Razor minimizes the number of characters and keystrokes required in a file, and enables a fast coding workflow. Unlike most template syntaxes, you do not need to interrupt your coding to explicitly denote server blocks within your HTML. The parser is smart enough to infer this from your code. This enables a really compact and expressive syntax which is clean, fast and fun to type.
Easy to Learn: Razor is easy to learn and enables you to quickly be productive with a minimum of effort. We can use all your existing language and HTML skills.
Works with any Text Editor: Razor doesn't require a specific tool and enables you to be productive in any plain old text editor (notepad works great).
Has great Intellisense:
Unit Testable: The new view engine implementation will support the ability to unit test views (without requiring a controller or web-server, and can be hosted in any unit test project - no special app-domain required).
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